{"id":2989,"date":"2020-05-12T17:12:16","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T17:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/?p=2989"},"modified":"2021-05-06T14:31:10","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T14:31:10","slug":"brazil-temnadenia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/12\/brazil-temnadenia\/","title":{"rendered":"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Temnadenia Violacea"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center has-background has-headings-background-color has-background\" style=\"grid-template-columns:74% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Temnadenia.jpg\" alt=\"Temnadenia Violacea: Engraving from Joseph Banks' Florilegium\" class=\"wp-image-3000 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Temnadenia.jpg 716w, https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Temnadenia-350x220.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Temnadenia-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Temnadenia-557x350.jpg 557w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>PARKINSON, Sydney (artist).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#a5bcca\"><strong>SYDNEY PARKINSON (artist)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#a5bcca\">\u2018Plate 348. Temnadenia Violacea (Vellozo) Miers, Echites pubescens (Apocynaceae)\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#a5bcca\">London: Alecto Historical Editions in association with the British Museum (Natural History), 1980-1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#a5bcca\">Engraving by Charles White, printed&nbsp;<em>\u00e0 la poup\u00e9e&nbsp;<\/em>by Alecto Historical Editions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#a5bcca\"><em>Limited to 116 impressions, this no. 3 of 3 for exhibition and numbered \u2018EP 3\/3\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-text-color\" style=\"color:#a5bcca\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a3510<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-headings-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:77%\">\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-text-align-center has-sitebg-color has-headings-background-color has-text-color has-background\">  \u2767 TEMNADENIA VIOLACEA (VELLOZO) MIERS, ECHITES PUBESCENS (APOCYNACEAE)<br><br>Species discovered at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<br>13 November &#8211; 7 December 1768<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10.9%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-sitebg-color has-headings-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-headings-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c3c6c9\"><strong>After setting off from Plymouth<\/strong>, barring a stop for supplies, South America offered the first opportunity for exploration to the crew onboard HMB&nbsp;<em>Endeavour<\/em>. But although Joseph Banks and his colleague, the Swedish naturalist and pupil of Linnaeus Daniel Solander, had been looking forward to reaching South America, landings on the continent were few, and that at Rio de Janeiro in November\/ December 1768 was particularly disappointing. The viceroy confined most of the expedition members to their ship and generally obstructed forays into the country by shifting the boundaries of forbidden areas on a daily basis. Cook complained that it was impossible for him to take full observations from the ship for an accurate survey of the coastline.&nbsp;<br><br>Once Banks and his team were allowed brief forays into <strong>Brazil<\/strong>, the climate and perishability of plants would have prompted them to quick action. It fell to the young Scottish natural history artist Sydney Parkinson to sketch the botanical finds as soon as possible, to record them while the plants \u2013 and his visual memory of them \u2013 were still fresh. \u2018In all, despite so many difficulties, this Brazilian stay yielded some 300 species, of which Parkinson portrayed 35\u2019 (Stearn,&nbsp;\u2018A Royal Society Appointment\u2019, p. 98).<br><br>Among the species previously unknown to science that Banks discovered in the coastal forests of Brazil was this vine, <strong>Temnadenia Violacea<\/strong>. It was reported that \u2018the residents [of the valley of the S\u00e3o Francisco river\u2019, from which its common name derives, \u2018use the kapok-like fibre from the seed capsules to stuff their pillows\u2019, while the \u2018reddish stems and leaves . . . are velvety on both sides\u2019 (Edwin Arnold Menninger,&nbsp;<em>Flowering Vines of the World: An Encyclopedia of Climbing Plants<\/em>&nbsp;(New York, 1970),&nbsp;p. 86)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/12\/tahiti-society-islands-boehmeria-virgata\/\" style=\"background-color:#194674\">Next &gt;<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-background-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/13\/gallery\/\">Gallery<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-text-color\" href=\"mailto:enquiries@typeandforme.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Email us<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#aed3e4\" class=\"has-background\">SPECIFICATIONS<br><br>The engravings are all of a very similar size, with platemarks of&nbsp;<em>circa&nbsp;<\/em>457 x 305mm, and are printed on acid-free Somerset mould-made 300gsm paper manufactured by the Inveresk Paper Company. Each sheet is watermarked&nbsp;\u2018AHE\u2019,&nbsp;measures 724 x 556mm, and bears blind embossed stamps incorporating the&nbsp;publishers\u2019&nbsp;and&nbsp;printer\u2019s&nbsp;chops, the copyright symbol, and date of publication; the initials of the individual printer, the plate number, and the edition number are recorded in pencil. The engravings are protected by a bifolium of acid-free Somerset mould-made 300gsm paper, cut to form a window mount on which is recorded the modern and Banksian names of the plant, the location and date of its collection and the name(s) of the artist and engraver.&nbsp;<br><br><em>This print accompanied by a certificate of limitation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>This print is no longer available.<\/em><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-color has-headings-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/12\/joseph-banks-the-history-of-his-florilegium\/\" style=\"background-color:#6a8e9f\">The engravings&#8217; history<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><br><br><br>\u00a9 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"mailto:enquiries@typeandforme.com\" target=\"_blank\">Type &amp; Forme<\/a> and Alecto Historical Editions\/Trustees of the Natural History Museum 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Temnadenia Violacea &#183; Type &amp; Forme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Botanical engraving from Joseph Banks&#039; Florilegium: Temnadenia Violacea - Brazil, collected during Captain Cook&#039;s Endeavour voyage.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.typeandforme.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/12\/brazil-temnadenia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Temnadenia Violacea &#183; 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